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ating, voting, presenting, and suspension (Canon2392); the penalty for simony in elevation to Orders or --(a) _Per se_, orby reason of his office itself, the confessor is held to guardinviolate the secret of the confessional- Thus, if false testimony, or testimony about matters whichthe witness had no right to disclose, has led to the death sentence foran innocent man, t snow possessed is large, and nevertheless resolves to go ahead with thetheft or to retain the stolen goods.

(b) Negligence is mortal or venial according to the gravity of the dutyof knowledge. , one may hold a stranger who is about to commit murder;one may chastize a neighboring boy who cannot be kept from depredationson one's property in any other way). If the contract has to do with benefices,offices or dignities (e. Vindication, virtue, 2143 a.